Dental implant is a procedure performed to replace a damaged tooth with an artificial one. The implants are replacement tooth roots. The surgery is performed by replacing tooth roots with metal posts and replacing the damaged tooth with an artificial tooth. The artificial tooth mimics a real tooth in appearance and function. The actual surgery depends on the condition of the jawbone and type of implant used in the procedure.
Overview
A tooth comprises two parts: the exposed portion which is the crown and the root which is present within the gum. A structure almost similar to the real tooth is created during a dental implant surgery. The implant (titanium rod) placed in the jawbone actually serves as the root for the damaged or missing tooth. An artificial tooth is attached to the implant that serves as a crown.
Preparation
Prior to the surgery, the doctor performs a thorough physical examination and analyzes the medical history of the prospective candidate. After confirming that the candidate is healthy and doesn’t have any blood clotting problems, the periodontist will give a final nod for the procedure. Just before the surgery, the patient is given anesthesia: either local or general.
Procedure
The first implant procedure starts with making a cut in the gum, where the artificial tooth is to be fixed. A special drill is used to make a hole in the jawbone and then a titanium rod is fitted in the hole. Following this, the cut sites are stitched and proper dressing is done. The rod adheres and fuses with the adjacent tissue with time (about 3-6 months). This period is called osseointegration. After this, the second surgery is performed to fix a post that will support the artificial tooth. Lastly, the tooth (porcelain crown) is positioned above the post, which is then cemented together.
Recovery
Swelling is a common development that manifests within the first few days of the procedure. Other discomfort symptoms include pain at the implant portion and bleeding and bruising of the injured tissues. During the recuperation period, the patient is prescribed painkillers and antibiotic medications. The doctor may also guide the candidate regarding what to eat after the surgery, and other basic lifestyle changes to ensure quick recovery.
Complications
Similar to any other surgical procedure, there are certain problems that are also associated with this procedure. A person should be aware of the complication before undergoing the surgery. The probable complications of the procedure are allergic reactions to titanium, nerve damage, ill-fitting artificial tooth, and fracture. In rare cases, this surgery increases the risk of sinusitis and gum infection. However, considering the overall benefits, dental implant is a better alternative than bridges and dentures.
Successful completion of the procedure and complete recovery usually takes several months. Provided the surgery is conducted by an experienced oral surgeon, the success rate of dental implant surgery is more than 98 percent.
